41 Highly Venomous Snakes; that cause most of the death.

Around 81 000-138 000 people die each year because of snake bites, and around three times people caught permanent injuries over the years according to WHO.

Most of these cases occur in Africa, Asia & Latin America.

Some of the snakes are highly venomous that people die before getting to the Medical.

Today we’re introducing 41 deadly venomous snakes all over the World.

Which may save thousands of people's lives all over the world if we are more cautious about them.

1. Black Mamba- is considered one of the highly venomous, second largest and fastest moving snakes in the world. The black mamba is the most feared snake in Africa because of its size, onslaught and venom toxicity.

2.Coastal taipan/Papuan taipan.

Coastal taipan- highly venomous snake mostly found in new south wales, Queensland, Northern territory to western Australia.

Papuan taipan- found in New Guinea. These snakes are aggressive in manner, extremely nervous and alert, and any movement near them can trigger an attack.

3. The big four- Are the four venomous snakes that live around southern Asia(mostly in India, Bangladesh) they are-

- Indian cobra- Moderately venomous but has a rapid-acting venom.

- Common krait- is often considered the most dreadful snake in India. Its venom can cause paralysis and sometimes anti-venom doesn’t work.

- Russell’s viper- gives one of the most painful bites of all venomous snakes. Internal bleeding is common. It’s short-tempered and aggressive in nature.

- Saw-scaled viper- is small, but its unpredictability, aggressive mood, and lethal venom potency make it very dangerous. This species is one of the fastest striking snakes in the World, and mortality rates for those bitten are very high. In India alone, the saw-scaled viper is responsible for an estimated 5,000 human fatalities yearly. However, because it ranges from Pakistan, India (in rocky regions of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab), Sri Lanka, parts of the Middle East and Africa north of the equator, is believed to cause more human fatalities every year than any other snake species. In drier regions of the African continent, such as the Sahel and savannas, the saw-scaled vipers inflict up to 90% of all bites. The rate of envenomation is over 80%. The saw-scaled viper also produces a particularly painful bite.

4.Fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper)- has been described as excitable and unpredictable when disturbed. They can, and often will move very quickly, usually opting to flee from danger, but can suddenly reverse direction to vigorously defend themselves.

Mostly found in Costa Rica, Colombia & Venezuela.

5. King Cobra- is the longest snake in the world. Deadly venomous one bite can inject high-frequency venom.

Living place- Mostly Southeast Asia

6. Many banded kraits- is the most venomous krait species known based on toxinological studies conducted on mice.

Living place - Asia

7. Malayan krait- is another dangerously venomous species of krait. 70% death rate so far.

8. Inland taipan- is considered the most venomous snake in the world with a murine LD50 value of 0.025 mg/kg SC. Ernst and Zug et al. 1996 list a value of 0.01 mg/kg SC, which makes it the most venomous snake in the world in their study too. They have an average venom yield of 44 mg. Bites from this species have a mortality rate of 80% if left untreated, although it is very rare for this species to bite. This species is known to be a very shy, reclusive and a laid-back snake that will nearly always slither away from disturbance. It is not an aggressive species and rarely strikes.

9. Eastern brown snake- is the second most venomous snake in the world. This species is legendary for its bad temper, aggression, and its speed. This species is responsible for more deaths every year in Australia than any other group of snakes.

10. Common death adder- is a highly venomous snake species with a 50–60% untreated mortality rate. Numb in nature unless you touch them first.

11. Tiger snakes - are highly venomous. Their venoms possess potent neurotoxins, coagulants, hemolysins and mycotoxins and the venom is quick-acting with rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis.

Another species that causes death in Australia.

12. Green mambas- (Western, Eastern, and Jameson’s) are all deadly venomous snakes that can be highly aggressive and unpredictable in disposition. They can suddenly go from a state of relative calm to an extremely agitated and dangerous state. All three species tend to strike repeatedly with little provocation, although they are generally much less aggressive than their larger cousin, the Black mamba. All three species of green mamba are highly arboreal, alert, extremely quick, and agile. Although the potency of their venom is similar to the more venomous cobra species, mamba venom is much more rapid-acting and the dendrotoxins contained in mamba venom is generally more devastating in nature to the central nervous system, causing more severe neurotoxicity more rapidly.

13. True cobras: are a medically important group of snakes due to the number of bites and fatalities they cause across their geographical range. The genus Naja consists of 20 to 22 species but has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. They range throughout Africa (including some parts of the Sahara where Naja haje can be found), Southwest Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

14. Caspian cobra- The most medically important species of snakebites in Central Asia is the Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana). It is the most venomous species of cobra in the world, slightly ahead of the Philippines cobra based on a toxinological study from 1992 found in the Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, in which this species produced the highest potency venom among cobras. The venom of this species has the most potent composition of toxins found among any cobra species known.

15. Forest cobra- is the largest true cobra of the genus Naja and is a very bad-tempered, aggressive, and irritable snake when cornered or molested as handled in captivity.

16. Philippine cobra- is one of the most venomous cobra species in the world based on murine LD50 studies. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce a distinctive clinical picture characterized by severe neurotoxicity of rapid onset and minimal local tissue damage.

17. Cape Cobra- is regarded as one of the most dangerous species of cobra in Africa, under its potent venom and frequent occurrence around houses.

18.Jararaca- is a species that is often abundant within its range, where it is an important cause of snakebite. It is the best-known venomous snake in the wealthy and heavily populated areas of southeastern Brazil

19. South American bushmaster- is the longest species of venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere and the longest pit viper in the world. It is native to parts of South America, especially the equatorial forests east of the Andes. They are active at dusk or after dark and so they are very secretive and elusive. This species is large, fast and has a reputation for being particularly aggressive when cornered.

20. Gaboon viper- although generally docile and sluggish, has the longest fangs of any venomous snake. Their venom glands are enormous; each bite produces the largest quantities of venom of any venomous snake.

21. Black desert cobra- is a highly venomous snake found in the Middle East. The subcutaneous LD50 for the venom of this species is 0.4 mg/kg. For comparison, the Indian cobra’s (Naja naja) subcutaneous LD50 is 0.80 mg/kg, while the Cape cobras (naja Nivea) subcutaneous LD50 is 0.72 mg/kg. This makes the black desert cobra a more venomous species than both. The venom is strongly neurotoxic and also has mild hemotoxic factors.

22.Spitting cobras- are another group of cobras that belong to the genus Naja. Spitting cobras can be found in both Africa and Asia. These cobras can eject venom from their fangs when defending themselves against predators. The sprayed venom is harmless to intact skin. However, it can cause permanent blindness if introduced to the eye and left untreated (causing chemosis and corneal swelling). The venom sprays out in distinctive geometric patterns, using muscular contractions upon the venom glands. These muscles squeeze the glands and force the venom out through forward-facing holes at the tips of the fangs. The explanation that a large gust of air is expelled from the lung to propel the venom forward has been proven wrong. When cornered, some species can "spit" their venom a distance as great as 2 m (6.6 ft). While spitting is typically their primary form of defence, all spitting cobras are capable of delivering venom through a bite as well. Most species' venom exhibit significant hemotoxic effects, along with more typical neurotoxic effects of other cobra species.

23.Samar cobra- is a highly venomous species of spitting cobra that is found in the southern islands of the Philippines. Although it is a spitting cobra, this species only rarely spits venom. It is considered to be an extremely aggressive snake that strikes with little provocation. The venom of this species is not well studied but is known to be an extremely potent postsynaptic neurotoxin that also contains cytotoxic agents.

24. Indochinese spitting cobra- is a venomous spitting cobra whose venom consists of postsynaptic neurotoxins, metalloproteinases, powerful cardiotoxins, with cytolytic activity, and Phospholipase A2 with a diversity of activities. The LD50 of its venom is 1.07–1.42 mg/gram of mouse body weight. Cranial palsy and respiratory depression are reported to be more common after bites by Naja siamensis than by Naja kaouthia. Indochinese spitting cobras will use their venom for self-defence with little provocation, and as the name implies, are capable of spitting venom when alarmed, often at the face and eyes of the animal or human threatening them. A case report in the literature describes pain and irritation of the eyes, bilateral redness, excessive tear production and whitish discharge, with superficial corneal opacity but normal acuity.

25. Black-necked spitting cobra- is a species of spitting cobra found mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa. They possess medically significant venom, although the mortality rate for untreated bites on humans is relatively low (~5–10%). Like other spitting cobras, this species is known for its ability to project venom at a potential threat. The venom is an irritant to the skin and eyes. If it enters the eyes, symptoms include extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision and permanent blindness. N. nigricollis is known for its tendency to liberally spit venom with only the slightest provocation. However, this aggressiveness is counterbalanced by it being less prone to bite than other related species.

26. Mozambique spitting cobra- Another medically important African spitting cobra is the Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica). This species is considered irritable and highly aggressive. The Mozambique spitting cobra is responsible for a significant number of bites throughout its range, but most are not fatal. The venom is both neurotoxic and cytotoxic.

27. Mali cobra- is a venomous species of spitting cobra native to western Africa. The venom of this species consists of postsynaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins with cytotoxic (necrotizing) activity. An average wet venom yield of 100 mg has been reported for this species. The average murine LD50 value of this species is 1.15 mg/kg IV, but there is an IV LD50 range of 0.97 mg/kg-1.45 mg/kg. The West African spitting cobra is one of the most common causes of snakebite in Senegal.

28. Rinkhals- is not a true cobra in that it does not belong to the genus Naja. However, it is closely related to the true cobras and is considered to be one of the true spitting cobras. The venom of this species is less viscous than that of other African elapids, naturally, as thinner fluid is easier to spit. However, the venom of the rinkhals is produced in copious amounts.

29.Puff adder- is responsible for more fatalities than any other African snake. This is due to a combination of factors, including its wide distribution, a common occurrence, large size, potent venom that is produced in large amounts, long fangs, their habit of basking by footpaths and sitting quietly when approached.

30.Rhinoceros viper- is a large species of viper that is similar to the Gaboon viper, but not as venomous, smaller and with a less dangerous bite. They are slow-moving, but like other Bitis species, they’re capable of striking quickly, forwards or sideways, without coiling first or giving a warning. Holding them by the tail is not safe; as it is somewhat prehensile, they can use it to fling themselves upwards and strike. They have been described as generally placid creatures, not as bad-tempered as the Puff adder.

31.King brown snake or Mulga snake- is the second longest species of venomous snake in Australia. The venom of this snake is relatively weak compared to many other Australian species. The LD50 is 2.38 mg/kg subcutaneous. However, these snakes can deliver large amounts of venom when they bite, compensating for the lower venom potency. The average venom yield is 180 mg and they have a maximum yield of 600 mg. The venom of this species contains potent mycotoxins and anticoagulants that can inhibit blood clotting. The neurotoxic components are weak. This snake can cause severe envenomation in humans. They are a moderately common cause of snakebites and uncommonly to rarely cause snakebite deaths in Australia at present.

32. Red-bellied black snake- is a venomous species native to Australia. The venom of the red-bellied black snake consists of mycotoxins, coagulants and also has haemolytic and cytotoxic properties. It also contains weak presynaptic neurotoxins.

33. Dugite- is a highly venomous Australian brown snake species. The venom of this species contains highly potent presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins and procoagulants.

34.Western Brown snake: is a highly venomous species of brown snake common throughout Western Australia. Its venom contains powerful neurotoxins, nephrotoxins and a procoagulant, although humans are not usually affected by the neurotoxins. The bite is usually painless and difficult to see due to their small fangs.

35. Tiger Rattlesnakes - has a comparatively low venom yield but is considered to have the most toxic of all rattlesnake venoms, and the highest venom toxicity of all snakes in the Western Hemisphere. Although they’re reluctant to bite, tiger rattlesnakes are known to be cantankerous and aggressive. Because they tend to stand their ground and aggressively defend themselves, they pose a serious threat to humans.

36.Cascavel-is a medically important species due to its venom toxicity and the human fatalities it is responsible for. The IP LD50 value is 0.17 mg/kg with an average venom yield between 20–100 mg per bite. Bite symptoms are very different from those of Nearctic species due to the presence of neurotoxins (crotoxin and crotamine) that cause progressive paralysis. Bites from C. d. terrificus, in particular, can result in impaired vision or complete blindness, auditory disorders, ptosis, paralysis of the peripheral muscles, especially of the neck, which becomes so limp as to appear broken, and eventually life-threatening respiratory paralysis.

37. Mojave rattlesnake- is another species that is considered to be dangerous. Although they have a reputation for being aggressive towards people, such behaviour is not described in the scientific literature. Like other rattlesnakes, they will defend themselves vigorously when disturbed.

38. Timber rattlesnake- is a species of venomous pit viper endemic to eastern North America. This is the only rattlesnake species in most of the populous northeastern United States and is second only to its cousins to the west, the prairie rattlesnake, as the most northerly distributed venomous snake in North America.

39. Malayan pit viper- is an Asian species of pitviper that is reputed to be an ill-tempered snake that is quick to strike in defence. This species is one of the main causes of snakebite envenoming in Southeast Asia. However, the mortality rate among untreated bite victims is very low (1–10%). Although bites are common, death is very rare. When a victim dies of a bite it is chiefly caused by haemorrhages and secondary infections.

40. Sharp-nosed pit viper- is another Asian species of pit viper that is medically important. This species is considered dangerous, and fatalities are not unusual. According to the U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, venom is a potent hemotoxin that is strongly hemorrhagic. Bite symptoms include severe local pain and bleeding that may begin almost immediately.

41. Copperheads- The Agkistrodon contortrix commonly known as the Copperhead is a species of a venomous snake, a pit viper, endemic to Eastern North America; it is a member of the subfamily Crotalinae in the family Viperidae. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ancistro (hooked) and odon (tooth), and the specific name comes from the Latin contortus (twisted, intricate, complex); thus, the scientific name translates into "twisted hook-tooth".